NAD+ | 1000mg | 3ml

Cellular energy metabolismNAD+ is an essential redox coenzyme used throughout cellular metabolism. Its conversion between NAD+ and NADH helps transfer electrons between biochemical reactions and links nutrient metabolism with mitochondrial energy pathways.NAD+-dependent enzyme activitySirtuins, PARPs and CD38 all use NAD+ as a substrate. These enzymes are studied in connection with metabolic regulation, chromatin biology, DNA repair, cellular signalling and responses to physiological stress.Healthy-ageing researchAge-related changes in NAD+ availability have been reported across a range of experimental models and human tissues. This has led to continued research into NAD+ metabolism, biosynthesis, consumption and precursor compounds. The evidence base remains varied, and findings from preclinical studies or precursor research should not be treated as proof of a specific outcome from this finished product.

1 × NAD+ 1000 mg / 3 ml cartridge
20 × ultra-comfort pen needles
20 × alcohol wipes
Reusable metal pen not included

NAD+ Refill Kit — 1000 mg / 3 ml

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in living cells. Scientific literature describes it as a central participant in redox reactions, where it accepts and transfers electrons during metabolic processes involved in cellular energy conversion.

Beyond its redox role, NAD+ is used by several enzyme families, including sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and CD38. These pathways are studied in relation to metabolic regulation, DNA repair, cellular signalling and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Research into NAD+ biology has expanded substantially as investigators examine how NAD+ availability changes across tissues and over the course of ageing.

It is important to distinguish the established biological functions of naturally occurring NAD+ from conclusions about any particular finished formulation. Published studies vary considerably in design and may investigate endogenous NAD+ metabolism, NAD+ precursors, direct NAD+ administration, cell models, animals or human participants. Findings from one compound form, administration route or experimental model should not automatically be applied to another.

This Nadura refill kit contains a 3 ml cartridge providing 1000 mg of NAD+, together with 20 ultra-comfort pen needles and 20 alcohol wipes. It is intended for customers who already have the compatible reusable Nadura metal pen. The reusable pen is not included in this refill kit.

Store refrigerated between 2°C and 8°C. Do not freeze. Protect from light and keep out of reach of children. Refer to the instructions supplied with the product for handling information.

Scientific references

• NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing
• NAD+ homeostasis in health and disease
• ChEBI: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

NAD+ functions primarily by cycling between its oxidised form, NAD+, and its reduced form, NADH. During pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NAD+ accepts electrons to form NADH. Those electrons can then contribute to mitochondrial processes involved in cellular energy conversion.NAD+ also acts as a consumed substrate for enzyme families including sirtuins, PARPs and CD38. Through these NAD+-dependent reactions, the molecule is connected with areas of research that include gene regulation, DNA-damage responses, calcium signalling, metabolic adaptation and cellular stress responses.These mechanisms describe the established biological roles of NAD+ within cells. They do not, by themselves, establish the effects or outcomes of a particular finished formulation.

NAD+ functions primarily by cycling between its oxidised form, NAD+, and its reduced form, NADH. During pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NAD+ accepts electrons to form NADH. Those electrons can then contribute to mitochondrial processes involved in cellular energy conversion.NAD+ also acts as a consumed substrate for enzyme families including sirtuins, PARPs and CD38. Through these NAD+-dependent reactions, the molecule is connected with areas of research that include gene regulation, DNA-damage responses, calcium signalling, metabolic adaptation and cellular stress responses.These mechanisms describe the established biological roles of NAD+ within cells. They do not, by themselves, establish the effects or outcomes of a particular finished formulation.